The discovery of the x-ray in 1895 proved to be one of the most transformative breakthroughs in the history of science. It ushered in a new era in medicine, allowing physicians and patients to peer inside the living human body, without the use of a scalpel, to assess health and diagnose diseases. The x-ray opened up the world of the very small, allowing us to determine the structure of the molecules of which we are made. It also revealed the true...