Virginia Apgar, born in 1909, never viewed being a girl as an obstacle. She refused to abide by gender norms, even as a child. She was loud, curious, and dressed eclectically. She hated home economics and adored science and math. She excelled at school, went on to graduate fourth in her class from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, and became only the second certified female anesthesiologist in the country. But Ginny,...