Treason by the Book

_Treason by the book_jonathan spenceThis book once again cements my feeling that J.Spence is the best English speaker on the History of China. The book is truely amazing.Part of the amazement is that the topic can be worded so narrowly that you wonder how to write an essay on it, rather than a whole and interesting book.For from the outset the book is about a note, passed from the hand of one-Zhang Xi to General Yue Zhongqi , in the city of Xi 'an, late October 1728 (western calendar of course). The emperor is Yongzheng, of the Qing dynasty, which has been in power since 1644. It is what Spence does with this event, how he unfolds and adds systematically to our knowledge of China, to our appreciation of the intricacies of Chinese society and its governance by the Manchurians, having replaced the Ming who were native Chinese, that makes this a great book. It reads like a detective novel, slowly introducing new facts as we need them, leading us by the hand to his deep and sympathic understanding of Chinese history, all the time using words and phrases that beguile and intertwine us with the unfolding events as they become real from the distant past. Spence found his calling by crossing from academic writing in his strict histories back and forth to this genre which is more accurate than historical novels yet shares in the attractiveness and readability of them. The qualities of respect for historical accuracy and a good storyteller are not commonly found inside one person's head and i am gratefully for their collusion in J.Spence for his writing makes us all much more aware and involved in the history of the Chinese.From the last page:"Thus it can be said that both emperors got it wrong. One emperor thought that by airing all the negative facts against himself, he could purge the record of the noxious rumors, and because of his honesty posterity would revere his name. But his people remembered the rumors and forgot the disclaimers. The second emperor thought that by destroying the book he world lay his father's ghosts to rest. But his people thought that the reason he wanted to destroy the book was because so much of what it contained was true. " pg 247It is a good book, one of those pieces of history that in the writing and our reading of it, transcend the particular and cast light on the general condition of being human. Certainly there is much in this book particular to being Chinese in the early 1700's, much that is culture bound and as a result something i can read about but can never experience. But in sharing those particulars, Spence has shown, and often made us feel, what it means to live as human beings, striving to understand while trying to get enough to eat. Striving to honor parents, governmental authorities, Heaven itself, while exercising freedom of thought, and pushing the limits of acceptability to the greater classes to which they belong.I put the book down with a greater respect for Confucian classics and the way they held China

The story of a treason investigation in eighteenth century China might have limited reader appeal until one learns the author. Yale history professor Jonathan Spence (Mao Zedong, 1999) has rivals for the title of world's leading Chinese scholar but none for the excellence of his writing in that field.Everyone hates paperwork except historians, and the massive archives of Imperial China contain treasures that scholars are still mining. Spence's odd but fascinating story begins in 1728 when a provincial governor receives a letter insulting the emperor. The paranoia of Stalin's Russia was nothing compared 18th century China. For a government official to accept such a treasonous message might be fatal. The frightened bureaucrat seized the messenger and quickly learned the names of those involved in composing the letter. Eagerly he poured a stream of reports to the emperor, a stream which quickly became a two way flood. More people were interrogated, more names were named. The efficient Chinese bureaucracy sent orders to every province to arrest and interrogate everyone named along with (this being China) their families. Ironically, to our eyes, none of the accused planned to harm anyone. Their offense was to spread rumors, grumble in private, or write poetry that might be interpreted as critical of the current dynasty. Imperial China was positively Orwellian in its efforts at thought control. Hundreds were arrested. Many spent years in prison including many of the suspects' bewildered wives, uncles, sons, and cousins. Careers were ruined (the provincial governor's among them). A few executions took place. Much poetry was burned. Eventually the government turned to other matters, and the investigation petered out. Only the paperwork remained.In movies, people from the past are identical to us except for the funny clothes. In reality, their minds worked differently; they believed strange things and behaved in ways we find incomprehensible. Yet they are recognizably human. This book, like all good history, brings it all to life.

It's hard to pinpoint exactly why this book is so arresting. Maybe it's because Mr. Spence takes the historical records from the period of the third Qing emperor of China and crafts lucid characters from them, whom we can relate to in their struggles to deal with unexpected and unwelcome situations -- we can relate to them as persons. Maybe it's the cycle of mystery and revelation that pervades the book, as the author follows only a few steps behind the imperial investigators who track down the author of a treasonous letter or the mysterious, so-called "Wang Shu", who ws the ultimate source of much of the letter's content. Maybe it's the inherent foreigness of the world the book describes -- far different from ours, with its First Amendment freedoms; in the world Spence describes, spreading critical rumors about the government can lead to any number of punishments, including being sliced to death. Maybe it's the sense of seeing an emporor do what none had done before him: enter into dialogue with a traitor and publish a book based on that correspondence. Maybe it's the sense of seeing how government worked in China almost three centuries ago -- I think you'll be surprised. Whatever the reason, this book is a good read.

"Treason by the Book", by Yale historian Jonathan D Spence, is my early candidate for the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for History. It is a slim jewel of a book about the investigation and prosecution for treason of a rustic scholar by the third emperor of the Manchu dynasty. Spence's book is so many-faceted that it is hard to summarize -- reflecting backward to the very origins of Chinese culture and forward into our own time. It sheds light on the nature of Chinese government and society in the early 18th century, relates a police-procedural story worthy of Ed MacBain, and tells the story of a book coauthored by an emperor and a traitor. "Treason by the Book is essentially a book about the power of words -- those written down and preserved and those spread by gossip and rumor that harden into myth.The story begins in 1728 when the Governor General of a remote province is handed a letter by a stranger which contains a denunication of the Manchu emperor, Yongzheng. The writer, calling himself "Summer Calm", urges General Yue to "rise in revolt" and stop serving a "bandit ruler". "The barbarians(Manchurians) are different species from us (Chinese)...[and] should be driven out". The letter goes on to accuse the emperor of plotting against his parents, murdering several of his brothers, piling up material wealth, and living a debauched life. It praises a scholar, identified as "Master of the Eastern Sea" who has upheld the ideals of earlier times.General Yue, though Chinese, is a loyal official of the "bandit ruler". He arrests the messenger, tortures and interrogates him to find out more about the conspiracy hinted at in the letter. His report to the emperor sets off an imperial investigation involving hundreds of officials in many provinces. Through detective work worthy of a modern police state, they net everyone connected to the messenger and, no matter how remotely, to "Summer Calm", a rural teacher whose real name in Zeng Jing. The roundup also includes the family, friends and former students of a poet-scholar name Lu Liuliang, the "Master of the Eastern Ocean" who has been dead for forty years. Not even dead poets can escape the long arm of a Chinese emperor.One is awed by the efficiency of the Manchu emperor's administrative control over his vast country -- exercised through his Confucian-trained bureaucracy and a communication system unmatched in the west until the advent of the railroad. At about the same time Louis XIV's Intendants were just beginning to challenge the hereditary nobles for administrative control of the French provinces and the Hanoverians in Britain, a new alien dynasty like the Manchus, had no professional administrators. The British civil service, that would rule an empire greater than Yongzheng's, was a century in the future.Under interrogation, Zeng Jing confessed that the "conspiracy" was mostly in his head, germinated by his reading of Lu Liuliang and nutured by gossip about the emperor he heard from a myster

Treason by the Book is a fascinating look at two men, one the emperor and the other who plotted against him, that begins as a crime, turns into a dialogue between them, meanders into a mystery and ends in tragedy. This is one of the most entertaining of Jonathan D. Spence's many books on China that combines elements of good scholarship, a panorama of a time and place with an exciting story. The true joy in the story comes from the way each element of it and every discovery leads all the participants from one mystery to another. The emperor and the traitor are both interesting and well developed throughout the book and it is their dialogue and personalities that forms the basis for this wonderful read.