The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy

Wilson does not beat around the bush; this book is a fairly quick read, but dense with economic and social policy criticism and sociological analyses. Specifically, expect to hear a lot about race-specific policies (i.e. affirmative action) and how they don't really help the "ghetto underclass." Might offend some senses but the ideas here are solid, and Wilson uses race as a reference point, not an explanation. Instead, he explains the problems of the "underclass" in terms of social and economic policy. His case against race-specific policies (and for large-scale economic change) is strengthened when you consider that the social/economic situation of poor inner city minority communities is not very different from Wilson described 20 years ago. This book also offers a clear explanation of the problems of those communities, and research to back it up. Overall, I'd say it's a must-read for anyone interested in social policy or recent U.S. history.

A sure indication that you have arrived at an independent, intellectual, and honest position is the degree to which both sides of the ideological fence find fault with your work. Mr Wilson experienced that with his earlier book THE DECLINING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACE, the radical liberal left, excoriated him as selling out his race and lambasted his work as cultural determinism. With THE TRULY DISADVANTAGED, Mr Wilson gives as good as he gets. Cogently he argues that the Great Society architects thought that creating educational, training, and development programs would, by their very existence, simply cause poverty to shrink. There was very little analysis of the impact that changes in the US economy would have - not only on the programs, but on the beneficiaries. One telling indication that his finger is on the correct pulse - economics - is this: in nearly every year that unemployment has risen and wages have fallen, poverty has grown worse, yet "when the economy has picked up, poverty has lessened." There are a couple of things that are significant about this book, which, even now, 14 years later, makes it one of the more useful and original analyses even done on US urban problems.(1) When it was written, in the late 1980's the economic trends that Mr Wilson so clearly elucidates as the problem were still largely unstudied, especially the interconnectivity and complexity of the issues. Mr Wilson says conservative writers such as Charles Murray are incorrect when they proclaim that because poverty rates were as high in the 1980's as they were in the 1960's, the Great Society programs were failures. This neglects, or conveniently ignores, the fact that there was a doubling of the unemployment rate, which disproportionately affected blacks. The causes of huge unemployment rates amongst young black men are less to do with racism, but more the following: the mechanization of southern agriculture, the large number of baby-boomers and white women who entered the labor market in the 1970's, and the profound shift of the economy from manufacturing to service industries. Blacks were heavily represented in manufacturing and the decline in key sectors such as automobile, rubber, and steel had a particularly deleterious effect on black employment. (2) While it can be seen that THE TRULY DISADVANTAGED was in part, a response to conservative analyses of the issues, this book is not a rhetorical rejoinder. There was significant new material brought forward by Mr Wilson and the focus was on an objective assessment of cause; not on ascribing blame to racism, culture, or government policy. I remember reading UNHEAVENLY CITY REVISITED as part of an Urban Studies course at college in the 1980's and what has remained with me, and is heightened when compared with Mr Wilson's book, is the rather shallow analysis of the former, and its emphasis on cultural and social factors as determinants for urban decay. I graduated before Mr Wilson's book was published, so have no ide

Groundbreaking and unconventional, Wilson took a completely independent stance in this book, one that managed to displease partisans on both left and right. What he argues for is, among other things, that race-based programs and policies are doomed to fail because they ignore the core economic issues which in the inner city communities are at least partly defined by the elimination of industry-based jobs. Since Wilson wrote this over 20 years ago, the original economic problems are now massively compounded by precisely the kind of social problems he at least in part predicted. A brilliantly argued work that is perhaps even more valuable today because partisanship from both conservatives and radical "race based" activists has almost completely replaced reasoned, compassionate understanding.

In The Truly Disadvantaged, Wilson attempts to concentrate where his previous work The Declining Significance of Race left off, more specifically the effects of social isolation, male joblessness, and single mother headed families have perpetuated a self-fulfilling prophecy among young black youth. A daunting task at hand, I must say, but I think he makes valid points, yet they aren't articulated as well as in his previous work.I believe that this is a worth while book for any reader trying to understand the complexities of the urban poor.