This book brings together two histories, of the Encounter between Europe and the western hemisphere that began in 1492 and the fragmentation of European Christendom in the sixteenth century, to recast the story of the Reformation. It restores to the polemics--"idolatry," "true Christian," "barbarian"--their deeply divisive force, even as it helps us to see past those polemics to divergent understandings of divinity, matter, and human nature. Every...