The Path to Victory: The Mediterranean Theater in World War II

Douglas Porch's "The Path to Victory: The Mediterranean Theater in World War II" is an outstanding piece of historiography. While its 683 p. length may deter some from picking it up, this is a book worthy of a read by anyone with even passing interest in the Second World War, especially that portion of the war oft referred to as the 'backwater war'. Aside from Porch's clear mastery of the English language that lends itself to easily digestible prose, the most significant strength of "The Path to Victory" is related to how it can change the way the reader/historian looks/appreciates the Mediterranean Theater. Porch, unlike most historians of note, argues that the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in WWII was not in fact a 'backwater war', but was THE definitive theater of the war in Europe. This is the base thesis of Porch's book, and he presents his historiography around this idea. Although Porch's thesis goes against the grain he does not simply spin history to fit his ideas, as other controversial authors have done. Instead, Porch presents a thoroughly researched story that in it's content is not significantly different from that presented elsewhere, but is analyzed in a more open fashion, thus allowing his thesis to be properly tested. After reading "The Path to Victory" the reader is likely to conclude that previous conclusions that the Mediterranean Theater was a 'backwater war' may have been made under quite restrictive analyses; namely, that few authors have not taken a biased, almost predetermined, approach to the analysis of this portion of the war. Much of this bias is derived from strong nationalistic feelings (e.g., American authors often see the Mediterranean Theater as a 'backwater' because of the American belief that this geographical portion of the war supported British imperial desires), or a question of simple public interest (e.g., the general reader is usually much more interested in the battles in Normandy or the Ardennes than what happened in the Po Valley in the summer/fall of 1944). Although Porch is a Brit, he seems to give the theater a fair shot without obvious nationalistic bias. In fact when he discusses the decisions/actions of the various commanders he is equally critical of all, British (yes even Monty) as well as American. In short, Porch appears to approach the topic critically but fairly. Overall, "The Path to Victory" is a single volume treatise covering the Mediterranean Theater as a whole, within the context of the greater European war. Moreover, while many historians express their comfort zones very clearly in their writings, Porch discusses multiple areas of historiography with equal zeal and competence. For example, Porch seems equally comfortable discussing both naval and ground actions in detail, from command level decision making to unit level actions. He engages the relationships and decisions among the leaders of the Allied venture (e.g., Churchill, Roosevelt, and de Gaulle) with mu

The Path To Victory is a comprehensive one volume review of World War 2 in the Mediterranean and vicinity. It has flaws, but it provides a wealth of information and is easy to read. The scope of the book is an uncommon one. Most titles deal with individual people or battles, or cover one country's contribution (e.g. An Army At Dawn), or look over the whole war in a general way. The auther here, Douglas Porch, deals with the whole war, but restricts himself to the Mediterranean sea. His descriptions of circumstances surrounding the battles is excellent, his short histories of the people involved are quite good (his handling of Juin is outstanding, finally, a French General to admire). His description of battle in Africa tends to be anti-climactic, however, as though the reasons for the outcome rendered the actual fighting superfluous. This is often true, but the reader of WW2 books is used to a different style. However, his description of the Italian campaign is quite good in all respects. His story is as comprehensive as you could expect for one volume covering so much area and so much time. His argument, that the Mediterranean was critical for Allied victory (not a sideshow or distraction, as many accuse), is something you might not agree with, but is nevertheless well worth considering. The main flaw in the work is that Porch does not have a constant command of his timeline. Often in the early to middle part of the book he will rock back and forth over the same time period, and he does not always keep the reader well grounded. I often found myself thinking of the abducted woman in Minority Report: a psychic used to living in a constant stream of flshbacks and premonitions, asks "is it now?" The last half of the book, however, is firmly grounded. I would also liked to have seen more on the impact of the USAAF operating out of Italy, which, as I recall, accomplished far more than just the Ploeti raids Porch deals with in some detail, but then, in anything well written, one always wants more. One picky error, that bothers me as a math-literate person, occurs on page 76. He says an influx of refugees increased the population of Greece by 28%, thus "nearly one in three" Greeks was a refugee. If you add 28% to something, you get 128%, and the proportion of the influx to the new total is 28/128, or 21%. Thus, barely one in five was a refugee. His point was that there were rather alot of refugees, and I guess that's true enough, but I hate to see basic errors in math a work that one assumes was read by many people before publication. The Path To Victory is easy to read, does a very good job on an under-appreciated theatre of the war, and provides a new perspective that is well worth reading. A Note on the five-star rating: In my view the stars are not a judgement on the literary perfection of a title, but on whether or not a person reading the review ought to read (and buy) the book. It's a relative judgement of the quality of t

"The Path To Victory", by Douglas Porch, is a remarkably well written one volume history of the Mediterranean theater in the Second World War. In an engaging narrative studded with bold and often critical portraits of key personalities such as Mussolini, Eisenhower, Rommel, and Montgomery, Porch describes the theater from Gibralter to Baghdad. Porch's theme is that far from being a diversion of resources from a decisive Allied confrontation with Hitler in Northwest Europe, the Mediterranean theater was the vital path to victory. For the British immediately after Dunkirk and the surrender of France, the Mediterranean was the only theater of operations where the British could marshal the forces to effectively counter first Italian and then German military designs on the lifelines of empire. After the entry of the United States into the war, the Mediterranean became the only theater in which the United States could reasonably conduct ground operations against Germany while building the competence of green troops and commanders in modern warfare and while forging the great alliance with the British. For Italy and especially for Germany, the Med created huge demands on military forces that might have found better, even decisive use on the Eastern Front and after June 1944, in France. Porch provides a vivid narrative of the growing pains of the British and American militaries in North Africa and Italy, but he also makes clear the link to later successes in Northwest Europe. His commentary on the struggles of the French to re-enter the war are covered in a detail and with a sensitivity I have not seen elsewhere in English. This book is highly recommended for the serious student of the Second World War. The casual reader will find it very long at over 600 pages, and filled with occasionaly dense commentary on various longstanding academic disputes over the conduct and personalties of WWII. Production note: the maps in the book should have been full page size; at half page, they are too small to read without additional magnification.

Reading The Path to Victory is like eating a nice steak. It's filling. It's rich and satisfying. It's to be slowly chewed and savored. It's meaty and juicy. And occasionally there's a bit that just isn't very good. Porch has a daunting task in his book: to relate the entire war in the Mediterranean in one volume. This is a difficult job, for a number of reasons. First, the conflicts in that theater were far-flung, ranging from Morocco to Iraq, and they had only indirect strategic links. In other words, many of the events do not fit in one single story. Second, conflict there lasted the entire war, without interruption, so there is a lot to tell. Porch does an admirable job of telling this long, twisted story. His main purpose is not to simply chronicle combat operations. Rather his goal is to demonstrate the strategic importance of the Mediterranean in World War II. In many US histories, The Mediterranean theater is dismissed as a sideshow, a strategic dead end that diverted resources away from the main effort in northeast Europe. In many British histories, the critique is that the Mediterranean garners far more attention than it deserves, El Alamein notwithstanding. Porch takes on these assessments. He argues that while the theater was not sufficient for victory over Germany, it was necessary. The bases of his argument can be broken down into several parts. First, Porch shows that Allied leadership needed a place to improve. He refers to the theater as the "graveyard of the generals", and rightly so, when one begins to tally all the failures in command. The UK and the US badly needed an opportunity to weed out poor commanders, and the theater (primarily in North Africa) gave them this opportunity in a strategically safe environment where operational reverses were not war-enders. Second, Porch argues that the Mediterranean provided an opportunity for the US and the UK to improve it soldiering. Doctrine improved, tactics improved, and amphibious landings were executed, all of which gave the Allied militaries practical experience necessary for the eventual invasion of northeast Europe. Third, although the Mediterranean theater was on the periphery of US and German strategy, it was decidedly not on the periphery of British or Italian strategy. In the United States, we view the war from a US- and German-centric perspective. We forget that the Mediterranean represented an important region for the UK, with its interests in Egypt and the Middle East, and the Suez canal represented a lifeline to India. For Italy, the importance of the region is obvious. Some historians complain that the US was "sucked into" the Mediterranean and wound up fighting for British strategic interests. Possibly so, but Porch argues that the practical experience of fighting outweighed this. Additionally, the US put its fighting in the Mediterranean to good use: clearing Sicily and much of Italy allowed for ANVIL, the amphibious invasion of southe

According to Douglas Porch, the Mediterranean campaign was essential since it gave the Western allies time to cement their alliance and diverted German assets that could have been used on the Eastern and Western fronts. Porch praises Churchill for defending Greece and North Africa, thereby erasing the stigma of Munich, and allowing British forces to mature in combat. Porch is highly critical of the generalship of Rommel because he overextended his supply lines and lead reckless charges to Tobruk and El Alemein. Moreover Rommel's threat made the United States commit its forces to North Africa. Porch also believes that the bloody Italian campaign was beneficial to the allied cause since it diverted German troops to Greece and Italy that could have been better used in France. Finally the landings in Southern France were needed for the Western Alliance since that region had ports that could support the allied advance on the Western Front. The main weakness of the book is that Porch is a bit too critical of Rommel, who managed to hold the allies at bay for two years, otherwise this is a vastly superior book as compared to Rick Atkinson's account of the North African campaign.