The Origin of Satan: How Christians Demonized Jews, Pagans, and Heretics

The description and title of this book are misleading. The book is not so much concerned with the origins of the character of Satan, so much as it is with the various intra-group disputes that took place amongst Jewish/Roman/Christian communities during the first 200 years of the common era. The origin of "Satan" has more to do with how successive groups of Christians labeled members of their own societies as "enemies" under satanic influences while society shifted and Christianity became increasingly accepted. First, it was the subset of Jews who followed Christ versus the wider Jewish population, then as Christianity became accepted amongst the Romans, it was Christians versus the pagan gentiles, and finally, Christians versus Christians-of-differing-beliefs (aka heretics). Satan as a personality or archetype does not really factor into the book in more than a marginal way, and the book lacked a meaningful discussion of how these ingroup disputes have impacted society to this day. I did learn quite a lot about the Gospels (both canonical and otherwise), but I didn't get what I wanted from the book as a whole.

It is a pleasure to learn Old Testament on Satan. It is the Tao of God, good/evil, kind/cruel, keeper/broker. Satan is God's prosecuting attorney who remembers sin and crime for God's judgement. God and Satan made a bet on Job and tested him in a devastating and miserable way to see his love for God. Finally, God wins Job's devotion. It is an example for later Christians new convert to accept life as it is. Accept the current suffering, oppression, abuse and bias discrimination so that later have the highway to heaven for eternal life!? This book helps you think ! Amen.

This is extremely good and informative. Pagels is not out to discuss the origin of the big bad spirit with horns, but the ways in which "religious" people have employed the idea of Satan to characterize their enemies or oppressors. One chapter is called "The Social History of Satan," and I almost think this would have been a better title for the whole book. Pagels also presents fascinating information on the many strains of thought in early Christianity; it made me want to read the recently (50 years ago) recovered "Gospel of Phillip" in particular.

Elaine Pagels is not only a respected researcher in the area of Gnosticism and Early Christian History, but she is also an excellent writer that conveys complex ideas with simplicity and eloquence. She has the ability, unlike many scholars, to explain history with a lively wit and style that helps to keep an average reader's attention while at the same time revealing scholarship and logical thought. This book explains the evolution of Satan as an idea from its beginnings in the Old Testament to the beliefs of Orthodox Christians of the early first millennia and those of the Gnostics. This is a must read for all who wish to learn about Christianity and the origins of one of its main precepts.