The Confessions of Lady Nijo

How can it be enjoyable to read a biography of someone who lived in the royal compound of the late Kamakura emperors of Japan? That time is so different from modern times, and the Japanese cultures is ineffably foreign to most of us. Yet Lady Nijo's "confessions" or autobiography is so ably translated by Karen Brazell that this book reads as if it were a character in Clavell's "Shogun" coming to life and discussing her private life (though "Shogun" is of course set in a different time period in Japanese history.) The Kamakura court had almost a pathological nostalgia for the Heian imperial era, and the court structured every detail of custom and behavior to reproduce the glories of the past. Lady Nijo is brought into court at age 14 on the wishes of the emperor, who essentially makes her a concubine. She takes part in court life for many years but, since her father passes away and her relatives are few, she lacks the behind-the-scenes influence that would be needed to elevate her to empress. Thus she never marries and even has a number of outside affairs, strangely tolerated by the emperor. We see these events dimly as if through a silk veil. Nijo, which is not even the lady's name but is a designation of where she lives, tells us of affairs, of being in and out of favor in court only in oblique comments. But we get detailed scenes of entertainments, poetry contests, clothing and a sense for the playfulness and utter uselessness of the Japanese aristocracy of the era. Eventually, Nijo is mysteriously banned from court (she protests she does not know why, but we certainly can guess who is behind it all) and she becomes a Buddhist nun. This gives her the freedom to travel widely, and she does so, more than a woman of that time might ordinarily be able to do. This autobiography is so readable and gives such insight into the Kamakura era that I'd recommend it to any student of Asian history, but I'd also recommend it to anyone who enjoyed either "The Tales of Genji" or even "Shogun." The translation is so wonderful that this ancient story reads like a modern novel.

This is a moving and remarkable autobiography. First, there is the quality of the writing itself, full of beautiful short poems ('A hidden love and tears/enough to form a river-/were there a shoal of meeting/I would drown this self of mine'), comparisons ('my years had passed as quickly as a racing horse glimpsed through a crack') or metaphors ('life is more fleeting than a dream within a dream'). It confirms Lady Nijo's saying that 'the most important accomplishment for a beautiful woman is the ability to write poetry'. Secondly, there is the extraordinary eventful itinerary of Lady Nijo emotionally as well as physically. Emotionally, she cannot forget her father ('I shed tears of longing when I recall the care my father gave me') or her first lover at the age of 14 (the Emperor). Physically, she gives birth before her 18th birthday to two children from different fathers and in her later life struggles for survival. Thirdly, it gives an interesting look at court life in this period: drinking, singing, playing music, competition between the concubines and promiscuity showing general human characteristics ('She complains that I am treating you as an empress' or 'This road is too easy to be interesting'). But this book also paints aspects of commom life: the fact that many children are taken away from their parents, religious customs or prostitution. Fourth, it gives a general impression of the importance of religion and psychology: the mighty influence of the karma principle ('I am convinced that this unbearable passion is simply the working out of some karma from the past') and the importance of dreams ('I just dreamed that I turned into a mandarin duck and entered your body'). The overall tone is melancholic ('No matter how many tints the autumn leaves reveal, once the wind rises they do not last long'). K. Brazell's translation as well as her notes are excellent. I would have prefered an afterword instead of an introduction which reveals already the fate of the author. This is a truly moving tale, not only for Japanese scholars.

For such an intresting book its extraordinary so few people have left a review. Anyways, much of the court we see in the novel through lady nijo's eyes is truely fossilized as one reviewer said before, they even go so far as to try and copy musical concerts after those written about in Genji, and theres a great many allusions in the narrative to the tale of genji. The diary itself is extremely enjoyable to read, poigant at times, as for instance when she runs after Gofukakusa's funeral procession barefoot down the street until she loses sight of them. Other times its extremely funny, Im pretty sure Sei Shonogon mentioned the holiday where the women get slapped with sticks, the same was true with Lady Nijo, except she got revenge on the retired emperor by sectioning off the halls and setting up other ladies to keep an eye out for him, when he comes, they descend and all start whacking him with these sticks for revenge. after that there was a huge uproar withen the court that the women actually smacked royalty around. Overall Lady Nijo is very real, and very human in her writing, it makes for an intresting literary and historical read of the Kamekura age. One thing i personally enjoyed was that Lady Nijo was not as vain and condescending as Sei Shonagon, for instance when shes a travelling nun, Nijo actually speaks with commoners, ex-prostitutes, etc etc.

Nijo's autobiography is another wonderful chapter in the literature of Japanese classics. And, like all true classics, it paints a picture very much like some women of today.The book is not organized as a story, or even as a particularly strong description of events. Instead, it's a first-hand description of moments that roused especially strong feelings, positive or negative. Nijo (not her born name, but the only name that has come down to us) wrote this book late in life, so the literal truth of events often seems layered under decades of nostalgia. The first passage, for example, takes pains to draw a teenage girl, tearful during her first nights in the emperor's bedroom. 'The lady doth protest too much' - that is about the last time we see her hesitate in accepting a man's overnight company.After her heyday in court society, Nijo retreats and finally takes vows as a nun. She takes the robes and duties of nun in full, but her thoughts never settle into that role. I don't mean to say that she in insincere. Still, a part of her never lets go of the happy times in court. Although she carries out her religious duties, she keeps coming back for another look at the people and rites she loved. Gradually, the people from her youth move away and pass away. The court was all she knew; in the end she doesn't know even that any more. It's like the woman whose greatest day was being prom queen. Now in her forties, she lives by remembering a time and place that doesn't remember her.Nijo conveys a pervading shallowness. She spends more time describing some outfits than the children she bears. She could have moved closer to the inner imperial circles; the retired emperor publicly acknowledged her first-born as his scion. Nijo never had aspirations so high, or never realized what could have been open to her. She was content for the child to be brought up elsewhere while her life drifted on as before.The irony of the final sentence may be the happiest moment in the book. "... I have been writing this useless account - though I doubt it will long survive me." It has survived nearly seven hundred years. There is no real point to this book, but that is part of its charm. It is just a look at one woman's world and at the woman herself.

This book is memorable and striking; being one of many of the books belonging to the class of diaries and romances written by women of the Heian court (795-1184), it is one of my very favorites. I recommend this book to anyone interested in human psychology, aesthetics, and to anyone who relishes an exceptional read - for this book is a special book. I found it more touching than many other travel diaries of the same age (all written by women excepting the travel log Tosa Nikki). The emotions expressed do not in any way seem to be those prescribed by courtly ettiquette, ie stilted. I highly recommend Towazugatari, as it is known in Japan.