1. Introduction.- Part I Essentials of Deterministic and Stochastic Chemical Kinetics: 2. Kinetic Rate Equations and the Law of Mass Action.- 3. Probability Distribution and Stochastic Processes.- 4. Large Deviations and Kramers' rate formula.- 5. The Probabilistic Basis of Chemical Kinetics.- 6. Mesoscopic Thermodynamics of Markov Processes.- 7. Emergent Macroscopic Chemical Thermodynamics.- 8. Phase Transition and Mesoscopic Nonlinear Bistability.-...