"Oh, do tell the American people that I am a normal man; that I am a devoted husband and father, that I have three fine children, that I go to the theatre." These words were spoken by Matisse just before the Armory Show in 1913--a pivotal moment, after which his work was seen in America as an example of what should be admired or deplored in modern art. In this ambitious study, John O'Brian argues that Matisse's sober presentations of himself...