Rootkits: Subverting the Windows Kernel

A brilliantly written book on everything one would want to know about Rootkits in the Microsoft Windows world. Greg is the industry expert who shares his knowledge through many examples and illustrations that would help almost any level of reader grasp a better understanding of Rootkits. The authors start with `Understanding Attackers' Motives' and what Rootkits are and aren't, and work they way through Rootkit designs, hardware interaction, hooking into kernel and user, `Direct Kernel Object Manipulation', `Hardware Manipulation', covert techniques and ways to identify Rootkits on your systems. The authors in-depth knowledge of Rootkits is clearly demonstrated early on when they walk through creating a loadable module, or device/kernel driver. Through this process, they take the time to explain each line, how it manipulates the system, and how it could be used maliciously. Throughout most of the book, the authors give very detailed examples, lines of code and other evidence supporting the theories and processes presented here. The book is written in a way that they leave little to the imagination and provide hard evidence to support the thought. The book ends with Rootkit detection, which is the only way to end a book on malicious software. Now that they have taught one how to manipulate and hijack system, here is what one can do to protect the systems they are responsible for, and identify these malicious codes on ones systems. They describe scanning memory, identifying different types of hooks, and again provide some code for one to use to help with these processes. After reading this book, not only will one have the understanding of Rootkits are and how they can be used, one will have enough knowledge to create their own Rootkits, understand key programming techniques such as runtime patching, hooking into the kernel, and remote command and control. I highly recommend this book as the Rootkit is the `Mother of all Malicious Code'. Once an attacker has successfully installed a Rootkit on one's system, the game is over.

I don't think I've ever seen a book as detailed as this on "subverting" an operating system... Rootkits - Subverting The Windows Kernel by Greg Hoglund and James Butler. Contents: Leave No Trace; Subverting the Kernel; The Hardware Connection; The Age-Old Art of Hooking; Runtime Patching; Layered Drivers; Hardware Manipulation; Covert Channels; Rootkit Detection; Index Hoglund and Butler have devoted a lot of time to understanding how the Windows kernel works, as well as how rootkits can be utilized to manipulate the kernel. This knowledge led to the website rootkit.com, and subsequently to this book. They explore the definition of rootkits, how they work, and how they can remain hidden from detection. Using the C language, they go into great depth on how rootkit kernel manipulation can be accomplished. If you have a basic knowledge of C, you'll be able to follow along and learn the intricacies of the kernel. It'd be tempting to wonder why all this dangerous knowledge should be put in book form for junior hackers to use. For one, this isn't script kiddy material. If you don't know how to program (and in C), the book is basically far over your head. I suppose if you were bent towards building your own rootkit for world domination, this material would help. But in reality, this information is probably already accessible to those who would abuse it in the first place. Having a compiled volume of the information helps "the good guys" understand the risks involved as well as how you can protect yourself from rootkit attacks in your own environment. While programming geeks will likely get the most value from this book, all security experts need to understand the concepts covered here. The worst thing isn't finding out you've been "owned" with a rootkit on your network. It's *not* knowing the rootkit is there...

Some may wonder if Hoglund and Butler are being irresponsible by writing a book that shows you how to bypass detection. If you look closely, however, you'll see that all of the methods they outline are detectable by current rootkit revealing mechanisms. And they also show you how to detect many new rootkits in the process. I consider this book to be a responsible contribution to the community, professionals and amateurs alike, in the finest tradition full disclosure. The book is organized into three major sections, even if it's not explicitly marked as such. The first section serves as an introduction to the topic and some of the high level concepts you'll need to know about Windows, control mechanisms, and where you can introduce your code. The second part is a highly technical tour of the techniques used to hook your rootkit in and hide it, And the third section is really one chapter covering detection of rootkits. The first few chapters, which serve to introduce the topic, get technical right away. Chapter 2, for example, shows you some basic mechanisms for hooking in your rootkit. If you're getting lost at this point, you'll want to probably augment your reading with a Win32 internals book. The resources listed by the authors, though, are great. By this point you can also see that the writing is clear and the examples contribute perfectly to the topic. Hardware hooking basics are covered in chapter 3, which should give you some indication of the book's pace (quick!). By the time you get to chapter 4 and discussing how to hook into both userland and the kernel, you're getting at some very valuable material. Although the book focuses on kernel hooking, a brief description of userland hooking is provided. Chapter 5 covers runtime patching, a black art that's not well known. This is almost worth the full price of admission, but the material gets even better. In chapters 6-9 you get into some serious deep voodoo and dark arts. In these chapters you'll learn the basics of direct kernel object manipulation, layered device drivers (which can save you a lot of work), hardware manipulation, and network handling. All of these are techniques used by rootkit authors to varying degrees and effect, so you should become familiar with them. The code examples are clear and functional, and you'll learn enough to write a basic rootkit in only about 150 pages. Simple keyboard sniffers and covert channels are described in the code examples. Useful stuff. I can't say I found many errors or nits in the book. There's some problems at times getting the code formatting just right, and what appear to be a few stray characters here and there, but nothing too obvious to me. Then again, I'm not a Windows kernel programmer, so I don't feel qualified to comment on the correctness of the code. In the finest tradition of using a blog and dynamic website to assist your readers, the authors have set up rootkit.com, which nicely supplements their book. Most of the resources

Technical books tend to be either "about things" or "how to do things" with how to being far rarer and generally more valuable. Hoglund and Butler are true authorities on this subject and yet they never brag, instead they focus on helping the rest of us understand what is possible and exactly how it can be done. Once again, the Addison-Wesley team demonstrates excellence, I found a couple of sentences that could benefit from a rewrite, but no grammar or spelling errors. The charts and code examples are done well and the layout never detracts from the message. I enjoyed learning about the VICE, patchfinder 2 and Rootkit Revealer tools and can't wait to run them on some of the older laptops in the company that have been used as loaners. I expect that will be revealing! This was the clearest explanation I have ever seen as to how networking is managed using the Transport Data Inferface. Even so, it still left me just a bit "hungry" and I hope this section is expanded in the second edition of this book. What impressed me the most though was when the authors reached the limits of their knowledge, after all, this is a developing art and no one understands everything, with areas such as microcode update they simply and frankly stated that. Clear, pragmatic, authoritative, what's not to like, buy this book.

Rootkits: Subverting The Windows Kernel is a must read for black hat and white hat hackers alike. Over the past few years, I've perused a number of the security books on the market. More times than not, I've been disappointed. They have tended to be: 1. Very high level and lacking in technical details (heaven forbid we allow the evil details to fall into the wrong hands ;) ! 2. Recipe books for how to perform documented attacks (useless for serious hackers / security professionals interested in innovating / defending against cutting edge atacks). 3. Focus primarily on network based instrusion as opposed to underlying structural weaknesses / attack vectors in applications and the operating system. I am happy to write this review because Greg and Jamie's book doesn't fall into any of the 3 categories listed above. Having been involved in rootkit development myself and a contributor on rootkit.com, I applaud their unflinchingly technical, yet down to earth treatment of a difficult subject. First, this book does not lack in gory details. Best of all, there should be something here for everyone to learn. It does a good treatment of the basic concepts like IAT and SSDT hooking, but there is also enough to appeal to more experienced developers. I particularly enjoyed seeing some advanced topics discussed like file filter drivers and multi-processor synchronization issues involved in DKOM attacks. Although the subject matter is somewhat esoteric by nature, Greg and Jamie do a good job of providing code snippets and walk-throughs. And added bonus is the fact that much of the remaining code is available online at rootkit.com. Lastly, I want to mention that this book is unique among most commercial computer security books in that it takes a blatently offensive rather than a defensive perspective. I found this refreshing. Lets face it: most serious black hats already have the "evil details". Rather than practicing security through obsecurity, Greg and Jamie's full disclosure approach makes this important information available to the white hats and security professionals who need it the most! All in all, great job guys --> 10/10 !!!