Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology Among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania

Liisa Malkki is an anthropologist who has done fieldwork within Africa. She writes of past adversities and destruction that the Hutu went through. Despite this, they still maintain an identity while adapting to situations. She discusses what lengths the Tutsi went to in order to elevate their status from minority to the majority (the mass killings/genocide of the Hutu). Malkki's main point in the book is that despite the violence and adversity that the Hutu encountered, they still have a central identity. It is this adversity and mass genocide that played an important role in shaping Hutu culture. At the beginning of the book, Malkki writes about the Hutu and Tutsi "mythico-history" or ethnic conflict. She gives great detail of past violence and reasons behind why it happened. She develops her argument as to why the Hutu who survived the mass killings fled. The identity of the Hutu is what still remains intact whether in Rwanda or Burundi. They are of the Hutu tribe.