Pension Dumping: The Reasons, the Wreckage, the Stakes for Wall Street

I'm an actuary, but not a Pension Actuary. I don't understand the minutiae of pension law; I only know the basics. Where I have more punch than most pension actuaries is that I understand the investing side of pensions, whereas for most of them, they depend on others to give them assumptions for investment earnings. I've written on pension issues off and on for 15 years or so. I remember my first article in 1992, where I suggested that the graying of the Baby Boomers would lead to the termination of most DB plans. I am here to recommend to you the book Pension Dumping. It is a very good summary of how we got into the mess we in today with respect to Defined Benefit [DB] pension plans. Now, much of the rest of this review will quibble with some aspects of the book, but that does not change my view that for those interested in the topic, and aren't experts now, they will learn a lot from the book. The author, Fran Hawthorne, has crammed a lot of useful information into 210 pages. The Balancing Act One of the things that the book gets right is the difficulty in setting pension regulations and laws. In hindsight, it might have been a good idea to give pensioners a higher priority claim in the bankruptcy pecking order. But if that had been done, many companies might have terminated their plans then and there, because of the higher yields demanded from lenders who would have been subordinated. She also covers the debate on the "equity premium" versus immunization well. Yes, it is less risky to immunize - i.e., buy bonds to match the payout stream. Trouble is, it costs a lot more in the short run. With equities, you can assume that you will earn a lot more. She also notes how many companies were deliberately too generous with pension benefits, because they did not have to pay for them all at once. Instead, they could put up a little today, and try to catch up tomorrow. Things Missed * · Individuals aren't good at managing their own money. Even if a participant-directed 401(k) plan is cheaper than a DB plan in terms of plan sponsor outlay, the average person tends to panic at market bottoms and get greedy at market tops. DB plans and trustee-directed DC plans are a much better option for most people. That said, most people prize the illusion of control, and will not choose what is best for them. * · Technological progress was probably a bigger factor in doing in the steel industry, and other unionized industries, than foreign competition. Nucor and its imitators did more damage to the traditional steel industry than did foreign competition. With commodity products, low price wins, and Nucor lowered the costs of creating steel significantly. * · In the analysis of what industries could face pension problems next, she did not consider banks and other financial institutions. Most of those DB plans are very well-funded. Why? They understand the compound interest math, and the variability of the markets. But what if the current market st

Fran Hawthorne began writing about pension dumping in the 1980s and her expertise is evident. In this excellent book, she provides clear explanations about why pension dumping exists, why the practice will continue, and how the laws and organizations created to protect workers against pension dumping often abet it instead. You work all your life to put some retirement money together and should be able to count on the promises made to you. However, too many people are finding that those promises were written in disappearing ink. getAbstract recommends reading this book to understand what you are up against, to know what distinguishes defined-benefit plans from defined-contribution plans, and to see why those differences matter. Hawthorne also teaches you why business executives, investors in distressed firms, bankruptcy judges and even union leaders are willing to throw retirees under the proverbial bus to keep companies running. Even if the book is a bit too technical in spots for the average employee who needs to grasp these matters, the subject's importance should inspire you to embrace and understand the daunting technical terminology of pension legislation and regulation.

Companies of various sorts have been breaking their promises to employees, firing them just before they vest, and cheating them out of pensions for about a century. My mother was one of them. Congress created the ERISA as a legal framework to protect pensions and the PBGC as an entity to be a watchdog on the way companies administer their defined benefit programs. Unfortunately, companies have found ways through the intentions of these laws to still dump their pension programs onto taxpayers (and other firms in their industry who remain "viable". Fran Hawthorne first wrote about this issue in the early 1980s and recent events inspired her to return to it and write this helpful and informative book. If you are part of a defined benefit program, a business person who wonders about the ramifications of defined benefit versus defined contribution, or a member of the public just interested in this subject, I think this book would be quite interesting and helpful to you. She explains why and how investors, management, unions, and bankruptcy courts put so little emphasis on helping retirees over present workers. The basic idea is that keeping the company running in some form is usually better than closing it down. Even if it means hurting a lot of people who have worked a lifetime for the rewards promised to them. Good book. Reviewed by Craig Matteson, Ann Arbor, MI

This is a great book! You need to read it whether you're already retired, thinking about retirement, or retiring in the far future. Lots of important info for all.