Go Paleo with 5 ingredients or less The Paleo or Primal diet--known in some circles as the "Caveman Diet"--is an eating plan based on evolutionary biology and backed up by medical research. Unlike other diets which can incorporate fake, processed foods and artificial sweeteners, the Paleo diet is based on what our ancestors ate: meats and fish, nuts and seeds, and naturally grown fruits and vegetables. While some cookbooks embrace...