Written in Persian in the eleventh century, Omar Khayyam's quatrains, known as rubai , were written individually for an audience at court, and explored the meanings of life, love, and friendship. They were almost completely unknown in the West until Edward FitzGerald--himself a relatively obscure critic--translated and organized some one hundred of them into a unified whole that he called The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam , which he published anonymously...