Thirty thousand to two hundred thousand years ago, Neanderthals roamed the land of much of Europe and Western Asia. First discovered in a German limestone quarry in 1856, this curious species was distinct from us, and yet also not so different. Similar to modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), the Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) used tools, made and wore jewelry, played musical instruments, painted in caves, and most likely developed a language...