Levodopa-induced motor complications are extremely prevalent (affecting over half of all PD patients after 4-6 years of levodopa therapy), disabling, and one of the more challenging to treat of all PD symptoms. Motor fluctuations result in the re-appearance or a delay in relief of motor symptoms, following levodopa administration. Motor fluctuations occur more frequently as PD progresses and "on" periods (when motor symptoms are well-controlled) typically...