In the Shadow of the Prophet: The Struggle for the Soul of Islam Struggle for the Soul of Islam

In this book Viorst examines the role of Islam in shaping the political puzzle of the Arab world. This book is not about religion, nor is it a book about the Middle East. It is about the "political" Islam as an ideology and a force that shapes developments in the Middle East. Islam is only one of the many pieces of the Middle East puzzle (repressive regimes, regional ambitions, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and of course oil, are the others) but it's one that envelopes all else. And while Islam is not the only religion in history to force a political agenda, its influence in the Arab world today is powerful, steering islamic societies away -if not against- the western world. The question Viorst sets out to answer is this: is Islam responsible for the economic and social stagnation of the Arab world? In search for the answer he examines the historical roots of Islam, the development of Shari'a, and recent and past developments in a number of islamic countries. Viorst describes the current ideological state of Islam as a battle between orthodoxy, fundamentalism, and modernism. Orthodoxy represents the religious status quo; it is rooted in the tradition of Islamic law but coexists comfortably with secular authority. Fundamentalism represents a rebellious and militant sect that feels betrayed by orthodoxy and seeks the submission of all things secular under religious law. Modernism represents the hope for an Islamic reformation that will lead to enlightenment and renaissance. It becomes apparent, however, that modernism currently lacks the strength to be relevant in the ideological debate. The true battle is between orthodoxy and fundamentalism and the distinction between the two is one of degree more than one of ideology.As we follow Viorst on a tour of islamic countries (Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Jordan and Iran) we soon realize that religious influence cannot be easily divorced from the political situation in which it is born, in particular the lack of free political expression that is the common denominator throughout the Middle East. In such a repressed climate, the loose hierarchy of Islam turns the local mosque into a political nucleus, its imam into a cell leader, the Friday prayer into a rally -the only form of self organization that is tolerated. Why has this failed to produce a liberal theology and a force for social justice? It is, Viorst explains, because Islam's orthodoxy is introverted, transfixed by a strict code whose moral, social and intellectual norms are thirteen centuries old. By western standards, the golden age of Islam was the mid-8th century, when an Arab empire stretched from Persia to Spain and Baghdad was the cultural center of the world, eagerly absorbing the Greeks and prolific in producing mathematics, medicine and astronomy. But for Islamic orthodoxy this is a period of worldly living, moral decay and heretic experimentation with western values. The true golden age, we learn, is the rashidun, a 30-year

I have traveled extensively through Turkey, Egypt and Israel and have read much on the Islamic world and the Middle East and Central Asia--from left-leaning writers like Said and Aburish to more Western-oriented analysts like Fouad Ajami and Judith Miller. No one has done a better job than Viorst of explaining Islam to Western readers. He catches the nuances of Islam's complexity and diversity, and looks unflinchingly at the qualities in Islam that have kept so much of the Arab and Islamic world mired in poverty and backwardness. But he is ultimately more hopeful than Adjami and Aburish and focuses with a wide enough lens to see the threads in Islamic thought that could lead its adherents out of their current morass. It is popular in many quarters to blame the problems of the Middle East on colonialism and American and Western hegemony. This is clearly an oversimplification and counter-productive for those trying honestly to figure out a solution. Viorst's analysis gets to the root of the internal problems that have made the Arab world's response to colonialism so very different and so much more self-destructive than Asia's. This is a "must read".

Milton Viorst is the author of a previous book on the Middle East, the well received "Sand Castles". With the "Shadow of the Prophet", Viorst attempts to show the problems associated with politics and one of the world's great religions, Islam. Viorst shows how Islam has contributed to the political stagnation of Middle Eastern countries as well as exposes some of the myths associated with fundamentalist Islamic movements. In synthesis, the book presents an accurate and balanced view of the history and future perspectives of Islam. Maybe the book's only flaw is that it deals only with the Middle East (and Muslims living in France) and does not include other Islamic movements in Southeast Asia and other parts of the world. A must buy for anyone interested in this region of the world.

Viorst has brilliantly compiled a westerner's primer to understand Islam at the dawn of the millenium. Is it the essence of Islam that is dooming its jurisdictions to depressing economic and cultural stagnation? The author makes the dramatic case of the incompatabilities between Islam and progress in vivid detail. Though he deferentially leaves the solutions to others, the broad sweep of history (western style history, that is, for he points out that even history doesn't exist in Islam expect in a religious context)is presented in an insightful and clear manner that Western readers will understand. Before any more Monday morning quarterbacking is done on how we should approach the Middle East, Viorst's explanation of Islam must be understood by many more people than are likely to read this book. It should be given free to anyone willing to take the time to read it.

simply the best book now out about the contemporary middle east and what its struggles mean to the rest of us. a must-read for anyone who cares about the region.