Awareness of the ecclesiastical doctrine of 'discretio spirituum' the means of testing whether visions were truly of divine origin] was vital for medieval women visionaries. Visions and prophecy offered medieval women one of the few pathways to the religious and, in some cases, the political life of their time, but were subject to stringent checks due to the combination of women deceitful by nature] and deceiving visions. However, those women visionaries...