Currently, nanomaterials are defined in the range of 0.1-100 nanometers. When the particle size is less than 100 nanometers, the number of atoms on the surface of the particles is comparable to that in the body. For example, 5 nanoparticles have a surface atomic ratio of 40% and a specific surface area of 180 square meters per gram. This leads to the appearance of small size nanomaterials which are different from the traditional solid materials or...