The second edition of this volume has been extensively revised. A different version of Chap. 7, reflecting recent significant progress in understanding of spatiotempo- ral chaos, is now provided. Much new material has been included in the sections dealing with intermittency in birth-death models and noise-induced phase transi- tions. A new section on control of chaotic behavior has been added to Chap. 6. The subtitle of the volume has been changed...