Don't Believe Everything You Think: The 6 Basic Mistakes We Make in Thinking

Now more than ever we have to be able to use some critical thinking in our everyday affairs. Life is getting a lot more complicated than it used to be. Now more than ever you have to defend yourself, your family and your assets from a lot of people who in good or bad faith (mainly), are trying to affect your life or your capital...in a negative way. Critical thinking is essential for your well being nowadays...And this book is very good in describing our main weak points and the ways to control them and react in our favor. Give this book a couple of days...read it. It's worth your time.

The quote by Michael Shermer, publisher of Skeptic magazine and columnist for Scientific American, on the back cover sums up this book pretty well: "How can we tell the difference between what is true and false? The answer is science and critical thinking, a process that Thomas Kida, in this exceptionally readable and delightfully informative book, explicates with clarity." This book really gets you to think about how we think, and how our thinking can go wrong. As Kida says, while we've had amazing accomplishments, we still fall prey to flawed thinking. And it's not because we're stupid - very intelligent people make thinking mistakes. Instead, we all have natural tendencies to search out and evaluate evidence in a faulty manner. While Kida talks about many cognitive pitfalls, they're centered around six major themes to make it easy for the reader to remember the main points of the book. There are fascinating stories and anecdotes throughout the book (since we pay more attention to stories over statistics). The difference here is that the stories are all backed by rigorous scientific study. As a result, the book is extremely interesting to read, and you learn a lot about how we think and how to overcome potential problems. Highly recommended!

This is a very readable and informative presentation of some well-known concepts from social psych. Scott Plous' book, "The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making" is more complete but less accessible to a purely lay audience and the material in this book is certainly nothing new, but it is nice to have a recently-published review of some research on cognitive illusions that was largely complete by the 90's. Good for adult learners interested in improving their critical thinking skills. Chapters are brief and examples are relevant and illuminating.

One of my favorite quotes is from Robert Wright's "Moral Animal:" "...human beings are a species splendid in their array of moral equipment, tragic in their propensity to misuse it, and pathetic in their ignorance of the misuse." Although this book is not about the morality of our decision-making, it is completely about how we delude ourselves about ourselves, our situations, and others. Borrowing heavily from Carl Sagan, Michael Shermer, Skeptic Magazine, and Skeptic Inquirer, Kida starts off with standard issue debunking of pseudoscience. Soon he zeroes in and concentrates on the faulty ways we reach assessments. These methods worked quite well in our small tribe hunting-gathering days, but nowadays we could do better. At the risk of losing half the readers of this review, I'll spill the beans. Kida believes in statistics, whereas people evolved to believe in anecdotes. People confidently rely on intuition, then remember the hits and ignore the misses. People seek to confirm what they already believe and gloss over contradictory evidence. People rarely consider the role of chance and coincidence, preferring to give credit to metaphysical causes. People consistently misinterpret events to bolster their deluded self-images. People oversimplify complex situations, tending to shun the gray areas for black or white assessments. Finally, our memories are the pits - remolding and enhancing the original memory more and more as time goes by. For the above data, Kida has documentation galore, but in the face of volumes of evidence, we continue to do more of the same. After blasting our anecdotal way of proving our theories, Kida uses his own anecdotes, saying "we evolved to love learning from stories." The difference is, the stories he tells survive sophisticated statistical analysis of the data. There are fascinating stories on every page of this book, with conclusions that will bowl you over if you're not used to this kind of analysis - but it's so true to life. Every day, I hear people justifying their decisions on the basis of someone else's single experience, their own biased conclusion based on erroneous information, a TV show, a hot tip, or other bad data. Every day, I hear stories told that have been enhanced. Confrontations usually don't turn out quite as well as what is later reported to spellbound listeners. I wish all high schools and colleges would offer a required course on critical thinking - for that group that really would like to take a more scientific approach, but didn't know it existed. Prepare to be blown away - this is a great book!

How much better of a country we would have if everyone was required to read and digest this book before getting a high school diploma. We would at least have a population that understands what science, and the scientific method are. The author's explanation of science and pseudo-science, and how they differ, is excellent. The author covers six common factors that cause us to be mis-guided by our thoughts. Honestly, when I read the list of 6 factors, I had a kind of ho-hum attitude. I didn't see how he could make explicating such obvious things (e.g., we don't always perceive reality accurately) interesting. But he surprised me! His book is very interesting, page after page. His anecdotes and explanations have a way of popping open one's brain cells, allowing one to reflect with much deeper insight on how various factors cause our thinking to send us into wasteful, and even destructive, dead-ends. I particularly enjoyed how well the author demonstrated that if there is no way to show that a hypothesis is false, there is nothing more we can do with it. I really enjoyed this book. Since we are all dictated by our thoughts, I think that everyone would benefit from reading it!