Capital in Flames: The American Attack on York, 1813

This is truly an excellent book, and the one review with a single star rating obviously meant to give the book a five star rating. The book covers the American attack on Toronto, known as York at the time, in the War of 1812, but it is much more than that. Author Malcomson gives a very complete background of the conflict on the US/Canadian border, indeed from the Canadian side -- a factor that made the book even more interesting to me. It's scholarly coverage is evidenced by the fact that of the book's 489 pages, 158 are appendices, notes, etc. As usual in this war, there was much blumdering and bravery on both sides. Each made extensive use of poorly trained militia, and the results were sometimes farcial. The Americans executed their first ever amphibious operation and it was successful. A well-known military leader was lost, General Zebulon Pike, the man who gave his name to Pike's Peak in Colorado. The Canadians fought fiercely, if unevenly, and ultimately their capital of Upper Canada was burned by the Americans, although the expedition turned out to have little effect on the outcome of the war. On the other hand, the events were extremely important to the residents of York and environs. The writing is crisp and even exciting. Somehow the narrative does not flag in the details, and I found myself hoping that the York citizens would somehow pull a rabbit out of the hat and repel the invaders. However, the American naval strength was too great, and the British attention was focused on other theaters. Commodore Chauncey was extremely active in building up American naval power on Lake Ontario, and both General Dearborn on the American side and General Prevost on the British were guilty of blunders and ineptitude. I guess it really is true, the side that blunders least usually wins. The author also focused on the President of Upper Canada, Sir Roger Scheaffe, a name probably unknown to the vast majority of Americans. He was alternately active and slow, inept yet concerned. He was unable to put a proper defense together, and the loss of York was the result. Of course, President Madison was forced to fly from Washington, DC, when the British attacked, and that was the nation's capital. At any rate, I really recommend this book. It is a delightful read, and the reader will learn a great deal about the War of 1812 on the northern border as a result. One should even learn that Canadians did not want to become part of the US and fought hard against us as a result. I was struck with the similarities between the antagonists, pretty much as they all came from the same original stock, and in some ways it seemed rather like the American Civil War. Mostly the people in the interior were left to their own devices, and everything was more or less improvised on both sides. Oh well, Canada had to wait until Elizabeth II for their independence. Personally, I think they deserved better. This is a great book.

As an American, I know surprisingly little about the War of 1812. It could be summed up into Andrew Jackson and the Battle of New Orleans; the British burning of Washington D.C; and Francis Scott Key writing the National Anthem. Thank goodness for renowned experts like Robert Malcomson whose excellent book "Capital in Flames: The American Attack on York, 1813" will educate a new generation. Malcomson begins by giving an administrative overview of Upper and Lower Canada in the early 1800s, and an introduction to the military personalities that would later influence the events of the battle of York (Toronto). The ambitions of Governor Sir George Prevost to build York into the British prime naval base on the Great Lakes, clouded his ability to see that the town was poorly sited for defense against American attack. The die had been cast for this frontier town. Going back to my ignorance of the War of 1812, I almost missed the explanation for how the war came to be. For a war that came about over trade embargoes and Americans being pressed into service on British ships, Malcomson coverage of the international relations among England, France, and the United States in the early 1800s was adequate for the purposes of the book. A battle is merely a point in time in an overall campaign. Malcomson provides a detailed look into the campaign season of 1812, and further delves into the strategy of America for the opening of the 1813 campaign season. With the thawing of the lakes in April 1813, Maj Gen Dearborn and Commodore Chauncey set out for the first ever combined Navy / Army amphibious operation in American history. Malcomson supports the description of the battle with multiple charts showing the position of forces as the battle unfolded. Readers learn the tragic demise of Brig Gen Zebulon "Montgomery" Pike as he led his troops in the assault on the Grand Magazine in York. Malcomson presents a balanced view of the battle, offering personal accounts of the British soldiers, Canadian militia, and the American military forces who participated in the battle. These well-footnoted accounts are drawn from sources such as personal letters, memoirs, newspapers, and regimental histories. Contrasting the hero Brig Gen Pike, Malcomson documents the story of the battle's scapegoat, Maj Gen Roger Sheaffe, commander of the British troops during the battle. Sheaffe certainly could have taken additional offensive action, but the poor siting of the town defenses all but assured the final outcome of the battle. In addition to the shame of losing the battle, Sheaffe forgot or did not permit his forces to gather overcoats and backpacks prior to the 150 mile retreat to Kingston. As battle narratives go, "Capital in Flames" is an exceptionally well-written book. It puts the battle into both the overall international context, as well as establishes its relevance in the overall campaign. This was the first of Malcomson's books that I have read. I will cert