Patricia Pulham combines psychoanalytic theory with socio-historical criticism in her study of Vernon Lee's fantastic tales. Using D.W. Winnicott's 'transitional object' theory, Pulham argues that the past in Lee's tales signifies not only an historical but a psychic past. Thus the 'ghosts' that haunt Lee's supernatural fiction held complex meanings for her that were fundamental to her intellectual development and allowed her to explore alternative...