A Guidebook to Learning: For a Lifelong Pursuit of Wisdom

"A Guidebook to Learning" is a short book. It reads quickly, but has some profound thoughts. Mortimer writes that our day and age is unique in history. Up till the 1800s a person could master most of the knowledge a civilization might have. But now information is exploding and there is no way to keep up. Because not all information is equal people need a structure for evaluating which subjects they should learn. The book starts by covering how encyclopedias, universities and libraries all organize information alphabetically. The encyclopedias have a large number of articles, sorted alphabetically. Universities provide catalogs of courses, which are sorted alphabetically. Books in libraries are broken into sections, and within these sections the books are sorted alphabetically. Information organized alphabetically does not help the student figure out which information is important, and which information could be ignored or delayed in learning. Mortimer covers twenty five hundred years of how Western Civilization has organized information. He explains how various people proposed teaching, their motivations, expections, and the approaches. For example Plato structures his scheme for educating students around a goal of becoming the rulers. In his first phase students master gymnastics and music, then later analysis, reasoning and argument. In the second phase they learn mathematics, geometry, astronomy and more music. And Francis Bacon broke education into memory, imagination and then reason. The last part of the book gives suggestions how a modern learner can structure his continued education. Mortimer sees four stages to an education: 1) Information: the basic foundation of data, acquired bit by bit, as we move through life. 2) Knowledge: here information is acquired in a more systematic fashion. 3) Understanding: the learner can see relationships between knowledge and understands cause and effect. 4) Wisdom: here the can make wise use of what he understands. Mortimer breaks an education into two groups. One is a core group of knowledge which he argues that everyone should master. The second is specialization knowledge. This could be for your job, like computer programming languages. Or it might be for a hobby, like bee keeping. He challenges the reader to become an autodidact. He encourages us to read books, but to do more than read, to discuss the meaning of the books. For it is only by discussing that we can get additional insight into the meaning of a book. This is a good book, well worth reading. I will probably buy it and have my daughters read it when they get older. And we'll then discuss the book.

Adler's other books include "Ten Philosophical Mistakes" and "Six Great Ideas," and he has served as chairman of the board of editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (http://www.eb.com/), director of the Institute of Philosophical Research, and senior associate of the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies (http://www.aspeninst.org/). In "A Guidebook to Learning," Adler traces the history of the organization of knowledge from Greek and Roman antiquity to modern times. Ever wonder why a Ph.D. is a doctorate of philosophy? This book is for you.