Changes and additions are sprinkled throughout. Among the significant new features are: - Markov-chain simulation (Sections 1. 3, 2. 6, 3. 6, 4. 3, 5. 4. 5, and 5. 5); - gradient estimation (Sections 1. 6, 2. 5, and 4. 9); - better handling of asynchronous observations (Sections 3. 3 and 3. 6); - radically updated treatment of indirect estimation (Section 3. 3); - new section on standardized time series (Section 3. 8); - better way to generate random...